A tarihin nahiyar Afirka akwai labarai masu ɗauke da raɗaɗi, takaici da kuma darussa masu nauyi da suka nuna irin zaluncin mulkin mallaka da...
A tarihin nahiyar Afirka akwai labarai masu ɗauke da raɗaɗi, takaici da kuma darussa masu nauyi da suka nuna irin zaluncin mulkin mallaka da yadda Turawa suka muzguna wa al’ummomin Afirka. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan labarai shi ne na Sarkin Ahanta na ƙasar Ghana, Nana Badu Bonsu II, wanda aka kashe a ƙarni na 19 sannan aka yanke kansa aka kai Turai inda aka ajiye shi tsawon sama da shekaru 170 kamar wani kayan bincike.
Labarin Badu Bonsu ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi tayar da hankali a tarihin hulɗar Turawa da Afirka, musamman yadda aka ɗauki gawar wani shugaba aka mayar da ita abin nuni da bincike a gidajen tarihi na Turai.
Wane ne Badu Bonsu?
Badu Bonsu II shi ne sarkin ƙabilar Ahanta, wata al’umma da ke kudancin ƙasar Ghana ta yanzu. A lokacin rayuwarsa, yankin yana ƙarƙashin tasirin Turawan Holland waɗanda suka mallaki wasu yankuna na bakin tekun Ghana domin kasuwanci.
A wancan lokaci, ƙasashen Turai na fafatawa sosai a yankin Afirka ta Yamma wajen mallakar tashoshin jiragen ruwa da kasuwanci, musamman cinikin bayi, zinariya da sauran albarkatu. Holland, Birtaniya, Portugal da sauran ƙasashen Turai sun kafa sansanoni da manyan katanga a bakin tekun Ghana domin bunƙasa ikonsu.
Sai dai duk da kasancewar Turawa sun kafa sansanoni, yawancin yankunan na ƙarƙashin ikon sarakunan gargajiya ne, waɗanda ke da cikakken iko a kan mutanensu. Daga cikin irin waɗannan shugabanni akwai Badu Bonsu II.
An bayyana shi a matsayin shugaba mai jarumtaka, wanda yake ƙin zalunci da tsoma bakin Turawa cikin harkokin mutanensa. Wannan ne ya sa rikici ya fara kunno kai tsakaninsa da Turawan Holland.
Rikicin Da Ya Janyo Kashe Shi
A shekarar 1837, wani jami’in gwamnatin Holland mai suna Hendrik Tonneboeijer ya shiga yankin Ahanta domin gudanar da ayyukan gwamnatin mulkin mallaka. Amma rahotanni sun nuna cewa alaƙa tsakanin jami’in da mutanen yankin ba ta yi kyau ba.
A lokacin, ana zargin Turawan Holland da cin zarafin mutanen yankin tare da nuna raini ga shugabanninsu. Wannan ya haddasa tashin hankali.
Daga bisani, rikici ya barke inda aka kashe Hendrik Tonneboeijer da wasu jami’an Holland. Turawan Holland sun ɗora alhakin kisan kan Badu Bonsu II, suna zargin cewa shi ne ya jagoranci harin.
Ko da yake wasu masana tarihi na ganin rikicin ya samo asali ne daga tsangwama da danniyar mulkin mallaka, Turawan Holland sun ɗauki lamarin a matsayin tawaye ga mulkinsu.
Saboda haka suka shirya ramuwar gayya mai tsanani.
Kama Badu Bonsu Da Yanke Kansa
Bayan wani lokaci, Turawan Holland suka kama Badu Bonsu II. Ba a yi masa cikakken shari’a irin yadda ake yi wa mutum adalci ba. A maimakon haka, an yanke masa hukuncin kisa ta hanyar rataya.
An kashe shi a shekarar 1838.
Sai dai abin da ya fi girgiza duniya shi ne abin da Turawan suka yi bayan mutuwarsa.
Bayan kashe shi, an sare kansa daga jikinsa. Daga nan aka kai kan zuwa ƙasar Holland domin amfani da shi wajen binciken kimiyya da ake kira “racial science” a lokacin.
A ƙarni na 19, wasu Turawa sun yi imanin cewa za a iya tantance bambancin hankali da darajar jinsin mutane ta hanyar nazarin ƙoƙon kai. Wannan akida ta wariyar launin fata ta sa aka riƙa tara ƙasusuwan Afirkawa da kawunansu domin bincike.
Kan Badu Bonsu ya shiga cikin irin waɗannan abubuwan da aka ajiye a gidajen bincike na Turai.
Shekaru Sama Da 170 A Gidan Tarihi
An ajiye kan Badu Bonsu II a wani gidan adana kayan tarihi da bincike a ƙasar Holland tsawon shekaru fiye da 170.
Yawancin mutanen Ghana ma ba su san inda kansa yake ba.
A tsawon shekaru, an manta da labarinsa har sai wasu masana tarihi suka sake gano bayanai game da shi a farkon ƙarni na 21.
Rahotanni sun nuna cewa an gano ƙoƙon kansa a Leiden University Medical Center da ke ƙasar Netherlands, inda aka adana shi tare da sauran ƙasusuwan mutane daga sassa daban-daban na duniya.
Wannan bincike ya tada kura sosai a Ghana da sauran ƙasashen Afirka, inda mutane suka fara kira da a dawo da gawarwakin Afirkawan da Turawa suka kwashe a zamanin mulkin mallaka.
Ghana Ta Nemi A Dawo Da Kansa
Bayan gano inda kansa yake, gwamnatin Ghana tare da sarakunan gargajiya na yankin Ahanta suka fara matsa lamba kan gwamnatin Holland domin dawo da kan Badu Bonsu gida.
An bayyana cewa ci gaba da riƙe gawar wani shugaba na gargajiya a gidan tarihi ba tare da izinin al’ummarsa ba babban cin zarafi ne ga mutunci da al’adun Afirka.
Mutane da dama sun yi tir da yadda Turawan mulkin mallaka suka riƙa ɗaukar gawar mutane daga Afirka suna kaiwa Turai kamar kayan gwaji.
Daga bisani, gwamnatin Netherlands ta amince da mayar da kan Badu Bonsu II zuwa Ghana.
Dawowarsa Ghana Bayan Shekaru 170
A shekarar 2009 aka mayar da ƙoƙon kan Badu Bonsu II zuwa Ghana a hukumance.
An gudanar da taron karɓarsa cikin girmamawa, inda jami’an gwamnati, sarakunan gargajiya da jama’a suka halarta.
Mutane da yawa sun bayyana dawowar tasa a matsayin wani bangare na gyara kura-kuran tarihi da mulkin mallaka ya haifar.
Bayan dawo da kansa, an gudanar da jana’iza ta gargajiya domin ba shi cikakkiyar girmamawa kamar yadda al’adun Ahanta suka tanada.
Ga mutanen yankin, wannan ba kawai batun dawo da ƙoƙon kai ba ne, har ila yau dawo da martaba da mutuncin kakanninsu ne.
Abin Da Labarinsa Ke Nuna Wa
Labarin Badu Bonsu II yana ɗauke da manyan darussa game da tarihin mulkin mallaka, wariyar launin fata da yadda aka raina rayukan Afirkawa a wancan lokaci.
A zamanin mulkin mallaka, Turawa da dama sun ɗauki Afirka a matsayin wuri na gwaji da amfani da mutane ba tare da mutunta su ba. An sace dukiyoyi, an kwashi kayan tarihi, har ma da gawar mutane.
Abin da ya faru da Badu Bonsu na daga cikin misalan irin wannan zalunci.
Sai dai kuma dawowar kansa Ghana ta zama wata alama ta yadda ƙasashen Afirka ke ƙara neman a dawo musu da abubuwan tarihinsu da aka kwashe zuwa Turai.
A yau, ƙasashe da dama na Afirka suna neman gidajen tarihi na Turai su dawo musu da kayan tarihi, gumaka da ƙasusuwan kakanninsu.
Muƙamin Badu Bonsu A Tarihin Ghana
A Ghana, ana kallon Badu Bonsu II a matsayin gwarzo wanda ya tsaya wajen kare mutuncin mutanensa a lokacin mulkin mallaka.
Ko da yake Turawan Holland sun ɗauke shi a matsayin mai tawaye, mutanen yankinsa suna ganinsa a matsayin shugaba mai kishin ƙasa da al’ummarsa.
A yau, labarinsa ya zama wani muhimmin bangare na tarihin Ghana da kuma gwagwarmayar Afirka wajen neman ‘yanci da mutunci.
Masana tarihi suna ci gaba da amfani da labarinsa wajen wayar da kai kan illolin mulkin mallaka da muhimmancin kare tarihin Afirka.
Kammalawa
Labarin Badu Bonsu II ba kawai tarihin wani sarki ba ne. Labari ne da ke bayyana irin wahalhalun da Afirka ta sha a hannun Turawan mulkin mallaka.
Kashe shi da yanke kansa tare da kai shi Turai ya nuna yadda aka tauye mutuncin Afirkawa a wancan lokaci. Amma dawowar kansa gida bayan shekaru fiye da 170 ya zama wata alama ta neman adalci da dawo da martabar tarihi.
A yau, sunan Badu Bonsu na ci gaba da kasancewa abin tunawa ga waɗanda suka sadaukar da rayuwarsu wajen kare mutuncin al’ummarsu, tare da zama darasi ga duniya kan muhimmancin girmama ɗan Adam ba tare da la’akari da launi ko asali ba.
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